Author- By Allen Manoj | 25 December 2020 Computer Vision Computer Vision, abbreviated as CV, is a technology that enables computers gain high level understanding from images or videos. Advancements and innovation in Artificial Intelligence has paved way, elevating the field of computer vision surpass human task of detection of objects. The most common library used in CV is OpenCV. The programming languages used are C++, MATLAB or Python. Application of Computer Vision: Agriculture: CV enables farmers to adopt efficient growth strategies, increase yields and profits. Automotive: CV can be used to add safety features to our vehicles detecting objects like road signs, traffic lights enabling self-driving. Biotechnology: The biological functions of molecules, say proteins can be predicted from their atomic structure. HealthCare: CV enables the detection of illness with high precision and accuracy minimizing false positives. Phenotyping A plant develops the dynamic phenotypes from the interaction of the plant with the environment. Phenotype refers to the physical properties of an organism such as the organism's appearance, development, and behavior and is determined by its genotype. Plant Phenotyping This is a process where the phenotypes of plants and crops are determined and analysed to study its physical properties. It is a vital process in crop improvement programs. Phenotyping is considered as a necessity as it promotes advancement of basic plant science and its translation into application including breeding and crop management. PlantCV An open-source image processing package PlantCV, is used in plant phenotyping, a research area to depict generic diversities and traits in plants. The goal of the PlantCV project is to develop a set of modular, reusable, and repurposable tools for plant image analysis. PlantCV supports the analysis of -Thermal infrared images -Standard RGB color images (aka "VIS") -Hyperspectral ("ENVI") images -Standard grayscale images (e.g. near-infrared, "NIR") -VIS / NIR Dual Workflow -Grayscale images from chlorophyll fluorescence imaging systems ("PSII"). Plant phenotyping in PlantCV PlantCV Phenotyping is an interface used for image analysis techniques integrated as a collection from various packages and algorithms. Python 3+ and OpenCV 3 can be currently operated with PlantCV. It enables flexibility in the design of analysis workflows and rapid assimilation. Collaborators, training researchers and students can build custom analysis workflows without experience in programming.
Two major steps to develop image analysis workflow:
Popular Data sets used for PlantCV
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Author- By Naidu Mahendra S. | 12 December 2020 | ^ Time is the most important factor in an individual’s Life. We all have a limited time with which we wanna do all those things that can make us happy, successful, proud, famous, etc. But what really is Time? Is it ticking of clock in your home or is it something which really exists like matter? We all know that Time flows from past to future through present, but have you ever raised a question, why can’t it flow in the reverse order? Some may say that it is common sense that time comes from past and leads us to future. But think again, does our common sense really helps us to answer the question of why. Definitely not. What if our definition of Time is wrong? What if the differentiation between past, present and future is our own creation? What if past, present and future coexists? and What if Time that we experience is an illusion? Let’s start understanding time. Time Dilation Time dilation is a topic which makes you realize that time is not absolute. Now what it means to be absolute is being same for everyone. We all think that time is same for everyone and time can never pass differently for two persons. Now that is where our misconception about time starts. Unlike everyone Einstein said that Time is not absolute but its relative. According to him time slows down for one who is moving faster relative the one who is stationary and this phenomenon is known as time dilation. This thing may look weird but is proven. So, to see whether Einstein was true or not an experiment was carried out in 1971. In this experiment two atomic clocks were taken. Atomic clocks are the high precision clocks which can show time with precision of 1/10^14 th of a second. Two Atomic clocks were synchronized and then one clock kept on the earth and another on a flight. After a period of travelling on flight when both the clocks were checked, it was found that both clocks showed difference of few hundred billionth of a second which proved that the time dilation phenomenon proposed by Einstein was true. So according to this experiment the time for clock in flight went slower with respect the clock kept stationary on the earth. The time difference here produced is very small but we can produce greater time difference by approaching our travelling speed to the speed of light. (Note: Nothing in universe can move faster than light through space.) Below given is time dilation formula. Where, t = time passing for the moving person t’ = time passing for the stationary person v = velocity of moving person c = velocity of light Twin Paradox Let’s understand how time dilation can help us travel to the future. Let’s consider twins, a boy and a girl whose age is 10. Now girl is taken away to the space in a space shuttle which is traveling at 99% speed of light and the boy lives on earth. If the girl comes to earth after spending 10 years in space, she would find her brother’s age to be 81 while she would be of 20. How this became possible? The girl was moving fast with respect to her brother so time slowed down for her with respect to her brother. According to her she spent 10 years in space but according to her brother she spent 71 years in space.
Here from girl’s perspective, she travelled to the future of Earth i.e., she only took 10 years to travel to the time period that took 71 years for her brother to reach. In simple terms she time travelled to the future. Illusion of Time By above proposed method we can travel to future to whatever time period we want. For example, if we move at 99.999% speed of light in space for 10 years then 2236 years would have been passed on earth. Similarly, we can travel million and billion of years in future. But how we are able to go to the far future of earth by just travelling few years in space with high speed? How can it even be possible to go million years in future by just travelling with high speed for few years? If future was something that never happened yet then it would be impossible for any procedure to take us there. But we know that time dilation can take us to future which means that future is always in existence, it is us who it taking shortcut through high-speed journey to reach there. If future was been there from start then past is there too which simple means that past, present and future are existing in frames at once but it is us who needs theory like time dilation to experience it. So, past is never gone and future is not yet to come, instead fact is there never existed past, present or future as they all are coexisting. |