AUTHOR Harini Niharika V CSE The little effort of everyone may change into a big one!!Giving presents to our beloved peoples always makes us more cheerful, and making our environment more fresh, clean and healthy is a big gift for the next generation. Green technology is a wonderful technique to keep our surrounding fresh and beautiful. Greentech refers to environment-friendly technology. It involves the usage of technology in production processes using sustainable forms of energy. It can also refer to clean energy production. NEED OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY Green technology has been around for the past two decades, but it’s recently gaining more popularity as the need to address global warming becomes more urgent. From electric scooters to using green appliances, green tech has tapped on a range of sectors to help the environment. However, green tech’s growth is not surprising, given that it is the solution to overcoming current environmental challenges, such as global warming, greenhouse gases, and wildlife conservation, among others. technology aims to replace materials, products that harm The environment with solutions that do not disrupt or deplete natural resources. SOME OF THE GREEN TECHNOLOGIES: SUNLIGHT TRANSPORT We know very well that the best way to save carbon emissions is to save energy. What if we could light up entire buildings with just sunlight? This is what the Swedish company parans has been developing. Their technology “Sunlight Transport” is a passive system that channels sunlight from an external source and transports it through fibre optic cables to illuminate light-deprived rooms. As a result, energy consumption during daytime is zeroed. PLANT WALL Plant or Green Walls have become an architectural piece in recent years. Plant Walls are vertical built structures that hold enough soil to have different types of plants or other greens growing on them. Because these structures have living plants, they also usually feature built-in irrigation systems. A Plant Wall can be enhanced with features of smart technology, such as monitoring and selfirrigation, improving its survival, aesthetic and air purification potential. Like any other plant, some degree of maintenance is however required. Pruning dead plants and weeds and filling in gaps will keep the wall healthy and pleasant looking. BUILDING – INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS Photovoltaics (PV) has been one of the reasons we are getting rid of fossil fuel-based electricity. Actually, PV can be directly incorporated into the façade or roof of a building, substituting envelope materials seamlessly. The most common Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) systems are the photovoltaic shingles — solar panels that mimic the appearance and function of conventional roofing materials like slate, while performing the core task of generating electricity. Tesla solar roofs have been getting a lot of attention lately, but they are other brands such as RGS Energy, SunTegra and CertainTeed. Some other technologies are Waste water treatment, waste to energy, elimination of industrial emission, self-sufficient building, generation of energy from waves , harnessing solar energy, plant based packaging. GREEN TECHNOLOGY PROJECTS IN INDIA: Green Ventures – Sustainable energy solutions Green Ventures creates green technologies and innovative business models to create sustainable energy solutions. Their solutions include large-scale renewable energy generation projects, improved energy efficiency schemes, and rural social energy initiatives. Banyan Nation – Recycling plastic Banyan Nation collects plastic wastes from industries and recycles it for further use in the industry. “We have come a long way on the engineering front and are now adding performance enhancers to the recycled plastic in order to ensure that the recycled plastic has a greater lifecycle,” says Mani Vajipey, co-founder of Banyan Nation which inaugurated its recycled plastic bags manufacturing unit at Patancheru in Hyderabad. The company recycles more than 300tons of plastic every month. Waste Ventures – Waste management Waste Ventures India averts up to 90% of waste from dumpsites and produces nutrient-rich organic compost. They sign multi-year contracts with local municipalities and employ waste pickers at their processing units to segregate waste. The Delhi-based startup, launched in 2011, has 44 projects lined up this year. Two of these have been kickstarted in Andhra Pradesh villages. Priti International – Ecommerce for products made out of waste Hritesh Lohiya literally found his fortune in a trashcan. His startup Priti International recycles industrial and consumer waste into useful products. This $10million firm designs and manufactures handmade products out of waste materials, like handbags from old gunny bags, cast off military tents and denim pants. They also produce furniture from waste tins, drums, old military jeeps, tractor parts, waste machine parts and lamps from old scooter and bike lights. FUTURE SCOPE : Fortunately, the energy sector worldwide is focusing more on the development of alternative fuels and energy resources. Additionally, the future of green technology will greatly depend on the way businesses and organizations learn to invent, develop, and apply different processes to products and materials because this will play a huge role in helping us transform the manufacturing of products and chemical processes. All these changes can help reduce and eliminate the use and generation of hazardous materials and substances.
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AUTOR: ADITYA KRISHNAN BIOTECH (II Year) WHAT IS CRISPR? CRISPR-Cas9 is a genome editing tool that is creating a buzz in the science world. It is faster, cheaper and more accurate than previous techniques of editing DNA and has a wide range of potential applications. It’s a unique technology that enables geneticists and medical researchers to edit parts of the genome by removing, adding or altering sections of the DNA sequence. It is currently the simplest, most versatile and precise method of genetic manipulation and is therefore causing a buzz in the science world. MECHANISM OF STAGING :- The CRISPR-Cas9 system consists of two key molecules that introduce a change (mutation) into the DNA. These are an enzyme called Cas9. This acts as a pair of ‘molecular scissors’ that can cut the two strands of DNA at a specific location in the genome so that bits of DNA can then be added or removed. A piece of RNA, called guide RNA (gRNA). This consists of a small piece of pre-designed RNA sequence (about 20 bases long) located within a longer RNA scaffold. The scaffold part binds to DNA and the pre-designed sequence ‘guides’ Cas9 to the right part of the genome. This makes sure that the Cas9 enzyme cuts at the right point in the genome. The guide RNA is designed to find and bind to a specific sequence in the DNA. The guide RNA has RNA bases that are complementary to those of the target DNA sequence in the genome. This means that, at least in theory, the guide RNA will only bind to the target sequence and no other regions of the genome. The Cas9 follows the guide RNA to the same location in the DNA sequence and makes a cut across both strands of the DNA. At this stage the cell recognizes that the DNA is damaged and tries to repair it. Scientists can use the DNA repair machinery to introduce changes to one or more genes in the genome of a cell of interest. DEVELOPMENTAL FORTE :- Some bacteria have a similar, built-in, gene editing system to the CRISPR-Cas9 system that they use to respond to invading pathogens like viruses, much like an immune system. Using CRISPR the bacteria snip out parts of the virus DNA and keep a bit of it behind to help them recognize and defend against the virus next time it attacks. Scientists adapted this system so that it could be used in other cells from animals, including mice and humans.
APPLICATIONS :- CRISPR-Cas9 has a lot of potential as a tool for treating a range of medical conditions that have a genetic component, including cancer, hepatitis B or even high cholesterol. Many of the proposed applications involve editing the genomes of somatic (non-reproductive) cells but there has been a lot of interest in and debate about the potential to edit germline (reproductive) cells. Because any changes made in germline cells will be passed on from generation to generation it has important ethical implications. Carrying out gene editing in germline cells is currently illegal in the UK and most other countries. By contrast, the use of CRISPR-Cas9 and other gene editing technologies in somatic cells is uncontroversial. Indeed they have already been used to treat human disease on a small number of exceptional and/or life-threatening cases. |